Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

If you experience symptoms ofpolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), they'll usually become apparent in your late teens or early twenties.

Not all women with PCOS will have all of the symptoms, and each symptom can vary from mild to severe. Many women only experience menstrual problems and/or are unable to conceive.

Commonsymptoms of PCOS include:

• irregular periods or no periods at all
• difficultygetting pregnant (because of irregular ovulation or failure to ovulate)
• excessive hair growth (hirsutism) usually on the face, chest, back or buttocks
• weight gain
• thinning hair and hair loss fromthe head
• oily skin or acne

You should talk to your GP if you have any of these symptoms and think you may have PCOS.

Fertility problems

PCOS is one of the most common causes of female infertility . Many women discover they have PCOS when they're trying to get pregnant and are unsuccessful.

During each menstrual cycle, the ovaries release an egg (ovum) into the uterus (womb). This process is called ovulation and usually occurs once a month.

However, women with PCOS often fail to ovulate or ovulate infrequently, which means they have irregular or absent periods and find itdifficult to get pregnant.

Risks in later life

Having PCOS can increase your chances of developing other health problems in later life. For example, women with PCOS are at increased risk of developing:

• type 2 diabetes a lifelong condition that causes a person's blood sugar level to become too high
• depression and mood swings because the symptoms of PCOS can affect your confidence and self-esteem
• high blood pressure and highcholesterol which can lead to heart disease and stroke
• sleep apnoea overweightwomen may also develop sleep apnoea, a condition that causes interrupted breathing during sleep

Women who have had absent or very irregular periods (fewer thanthree or fourperiodsa year) for many years have a higher-than-average risk of developing cancer of the womb lining (endometrial cancer ).

However, the chance of getting endometrial cancer is stillsmall and can be minimised using treatments to regulate periods, such as the contraceptive pill oran intrauterine system (IUS) .